<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"
>
<html>
<head>
<title>Custom Alert Box</title>
<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=utf-8">
<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
document.onclick=disableEvents
document.oncontextmenu=disableEvents
var ef=0
function custAlert()
{
ef=1
var ids
ids=document.getElementById('alert')
ids.style.left=300;
ids.style.top=150;
ids.style.visibility="visible"
}
function disableEvents()
{if(ef)
return false;
} </script>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" onload="custAlert();"> <form id="Form1" method="post" runat="server">
<div align="center" id="alert" style="border: 2px solid gray; background: #cdeb8b
url('images/img3.gif') repeat-x; left: 240; visibility: hidden; width: 349; color: red; position: absolute;
top: 104; height: 108">
<br> <h3 style="left: 0; width: 152; position: absolute; top: 0; height: 40; ali
gn: Left">
<span style="color:#356AA0;">Custom Alert Box</span></h3>
<img style="left: 336px; width: 6px; position: absolute; top: 8px; height: 6px" height="6"
alt="Close" src="images/Cross.png" onclick="ef=0;document.getElementById('alert').style.visibili
ty='hidden';" >
<br> <hr width="99.03%" size="1" style="left: 0px; width: 99.03%; position: absolute;
top: 32px; height: 1px">
<div id="msg" style="width: 349; color: #356aa0; height: 85; text-decoration: none">
NJoy Programming<p>
Success be Yours</div>
<p>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Technology Towards Microsoft Headlines
Showing posts with label ASP.NET. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ASP.NET. Show all posts
Wednesday, September 24, 2008
Custom Alert box using JavaScript
Sunday, September 21, 2008
Garbage Collector
It is Automatic Memory Manager for .Net Framework. It manages the memory allocated to .Net Framework. When a variable is defined it gets a space in memory (stack) and when an object is created memory for the object is allocated in heap. When an object is assigned to a variable it increments the reference counts for the object and when program control comes out of the function the scope of variable gets ended Or NULL is assigned to variable it decrements the reference count of object by 1. When reference count of one object becomes zero GC acts call destructor of object and then releases the memory acquired by the object.
Friday, September 12, 2008
ASP.NET Word document to text file Conversion
ASP.NET Word document to text file Conversion
Environment: Windows Server 2003ASP.NET 1.1, Office 2003
Recently I was looking for a solution to convert a word document to text file. I found code at some locations:
http://www.codeproject.com/aspnet/wordapplication.asp
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcyt0y1f(VS.80).aspx
While implementing the code I got following two errors:
Error 1. System.UnauthorizedAccessException: Access is denied.
It was occuring at below line : Word.ApplicationClass oWord = new Word.ApplicationClass();
My Research:
The problem was because of IIS Server not having appropriate rights to launch a Microsoft Word-document DCOM object.
Below solution worked for me:
a. start the tool "DCOMCNFG.EXE" (Component Services).
b. Go to Console Root --> Component Services --> Computers --> My Computer --> DCOM Config --> Microsoft Word Document --> Properties --> Security --> Launch Permissions --> edit. Add the appropriate user/group, like "NT AUTHORITY \ NETWORK SERVICE"
Error 2. Command Failed.
This error was coming at the below line:
Word.Document aDoc = vk_word_app.Documents.Open(ref fileName, ref missing, ref vk_read_only,ref missing, ref missing,ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing,ref missing, ref missing, ref vk_visible, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing,ref missing );
My Research:
The solution worked for me just by adding the below lines in the web.config file.
The same code works fine in a windows application as we have rights to open the word document there but while opening the document on web server (asp.net) the user account should be specified to open the account.
Tuesday, September 9, 2008
Gridview Tips & Tricks
Gridview Tips & Tricks
Pop-up a Confirmation box before Deleting a row in GridView.
Add a template field and drop a button in it, using which the user will delete the record. In the OnClientClick event, call the confirm() function as mentioned below:
CommandName="Delete" OnClientClick="return confirm('Are you sure you want to delete the record?');" />
Display details of the Row selected in the GridView.
Assuming you have a button called ‘Select’ in your GridView with CommandName ‘Select’, to find out the row clicked and display the row’s details, use this code:
private void GridView1_RowCommand(Object sender,GridViewCommandEventArgs e)
{
if (e.CommandName == "Select")
{
int idx = Convert.ToInt32(e.CommandArgument);
GridViewRow selrow = GridView1.Rows[idx];
string fstCell = selrow.Cells[0].Text;string scndCell = selrow.Cells[1].Text;
// and so on
// Thanks to Mark Rae (MVP) for pointing the typo. Earlier it was Cells[1] and Cells [2]
}
}
Retrieve Details of the Row being Modified in GridView.
void GridView1_RowUpdated(Object sender, GridViewUpdatedEventArgs e)
{
// Retrieve the row being edited.
int index = GridView1.EditIndex;
GridViewRow row = GridView1.Rows[index];
// Retrieve the value of the first cell
lblMsg.Text = "Updated record " + row.Cells[1].Text;
}
Retrieve Details of the Row being Deleted in GridView.
The ID of the row being deleted must be in the GridView.DataKeyNames collection.
protected void GridView1_RowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
{
int ID = (int)GridView1.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Value;
// Query the database and get the values based on the ID
}
Cancelling Update and Delete in a GridView.
RowUpdating - Occurs when a row's Update button is clicked, but before the GridView control updates the row.
RowDeleting – Occurs when a row's Delete button is clicked, but before the GridView control deletes the row.
protected void gvDetail_RowUpdating(object sender, GridViewUpdateEventArgs e)
{
e.Cancel = true;
}
void GridView1_RowDeleting(Object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
{
// Check for a condition and cancel the delete
// There should be atleast one row left in the GridView
if (GridView1.Rows.Count <= 1)
{
e.Cancel = true;
}
}
Enable Disable Controls inside a GridView.
There are at times when you have to disable controls on some rows, when a certain condition is satisfied. In this snippet, we will see how to disable editing for rows that have the CategoryName as ‘Confections’. Use the following code:
protected void GridView1_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
{
if (e.Row.DataItem != null)
{
Label lblControl = (Label)e.Row.Cells[2].FindControl("lblCategoryName");
if(lblControl.Text == "Confections")
{
e.Row.Cells[0].Enabled = false;
}
}
}
}
How to Add a Row Number to the Gridview
There are a couple of ways to do this. However I will share a very handy tip that was shared by XIII in the asp.net forums. From the following link:
http://forums.asp.net/p/992655/1292440.aspx#1292440
Just add the following tags to your section of your GridView
How to programmatically hide a column in the GridView?
There are two conditions to be checked in the Page_Load to hide a columns in the GridView, let us say the 3rd column:
If ‘AutoGenerateColumns’ = True on the GridView
C#
GridView1.HeaderRow.Cells[2].Visible = false;
foreach (GridViewRow gvr in GridView1.Rows)
{
gvr.Cells[2].Visible = false;
}
VB.NET
GridView1.HeaderRow.Cells(2).Visible = False
For Each gvr As GridViewRow In GridView1.Rows
gvr.Cells(2).Visible = False
Next gvr
If ‘AutoGenerateColumns’ = False on the GridView
C#
GridView1.Columns[2].Visible = false;
VB.NET
GridView1.Columns(2).Visible = False
Displaying Empty Data in a GridView?
When there are no results returned from the GridView control’s data source, the short and simple way of displaying a message to the user, is to use the GridView’s EmptyDataText property.
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1" EmptyDataText="No data available"
ShowFooter="true" AllowPaging="True" AllowSorting="True"
PageSize="5" OnRowDataBound="GridView1_RowDataBound">
Note: You can also add style to the EmptyDataText by using the EmptyDataRowStyle property.
if you konw more about EmptyDataRowStyle the following link will be helpful to you:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.ui.webcontrols.gridview.emptydatarowstyle.aspx
Displaying an Image in case of Empty Data in a GridView?
As an alternative to using the EmptyDataText property, if you need to display an image or any HTML/ASP.NET control, you can use the EmptyDataTemplate. In this snippet below, we are using the image control in the to display an image.
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1" ShowFooter="true" AllowPaging="True" AllowSorting="True"PageSize="5" OnRowDataBound="GridView1_RowDataBound">
ImageUrl="~/images/NoDataFound.jpg"AlternateText="No data found"
runat="server"/>
Change the color of a GridView Row based on some condition.
protected void GridView1_RowCreated(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Row.DataItem != null)
{
DataRowView drv = (DataRowView)e.Row.DataItem;
string catName = Convert.ToString(drv["CategoryName"]);
if (catName.Trim() == "Confections")
e.Row.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.LightBlue;
}
}
How to create an Image Command Field Column and add to the GridView at runtime?
if (!Page.IsPostBack)
{
CommandField cmdField = new CommandField();
cmdField.ButtonType = ButtonType.Image;
cmdField.SelectImageUrl = "~/Images/Home_Np1.GIF";
cmdField.ShowSelectButton = true;
cmdField.HeaderText = "Select";
GridView1.Columns.Add(cmdField);
GridView1.DataBind();
}
How to loop through all the rows in all the pages of a GridView?
One simple way to loop through all the rows in all the pages of a GridView is to access its DataSource. In this example, we will loop through the SQLDataSource to retrieve all the rows in a GridView and access its cell value. You can modify the logic depending on the type of controls you have added to the GridView.
C#
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DataSourceSelectArguments dsaArgs = new DataSourceSelectArguments();
DataView view = (DataView)SqlDataSource1.Select(dsaArgs);
DataTable dt = view.ToTable();
for (int i = 0; i <>
{
for (int j = 0; j <>
{
string s = dt.Rows[i][j].ToString();
}
}
}
Pop-up a Confirmation box before Deleting a row in GridView.
Add a template field and drop a button in it, using which the user will delete the record. In the OnClientClick event, call the confirm() function as mentioned below:
CommandName="Delete" OnClientClick="return confirm('Are you sure you want to delete the record?');" />
Display details of the Row selected in the GridView.
Assuming you have a button called ‘Select’ in your GridView with CommandName ‘Select’, to find out the row clicked and display the row’s details, use this code:
private void GridView1_RowCommand(Object sender,GridViewCommandEventArgs e)
{
if (e.CommandName == "Select")
{
int idx = Convert.ToInt32(e.CommandArgument);
GridViewRow selrow = GridView1.Rows[idx];
string fstCell = selrow.Cells[0].Text;string scndCell = selrow.Cells[1].Text;
// and so on
// Thanks to Mark Rae (MVP) for pointing the typo. Earlier it was Cells[1] and Cells [2]
}
}
Retrieve Details of the Row being Modified in GridView.
void GridView1_RowUpdated(Object sender, GridViewUpdatedEventArgs e)
{
// Retrieve the row being edited.
int index = GridView1.EditIndex;
GridViewRow row = GridView1.Rows[index];
// Retrieve the value of the first cell
lblMsg.Text = "Updated record " + row.Cells[1].Text;
}
Retrieve Details of the Row being Deleted in GridView.
The ID of the row being deleted must be in the GridView.DataKeyNames collection.
protected void GridView1_RowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
{
int ID = (int)GridView1.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Value;
// Query the database and get the values based on the ID
}
Cancelling Update and Delete in a GridView.
RowUpdating - Occurs when a row's Update button is clicked, but before the GridView control updates the row.
RowDeleting – Occurs when a row's Delete button is clicked, but before the GridView control deletes the row.
protected void gvDetail_RowUpdating(object sender, GridViewUpdateEventArgs e)
{
e.Cancel = true;
}
void GridView1_RowDeleting(Object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
{
// Check for a condition and cancel the delete
// There should be atleast one row left in the GridView
if (GridView1.Rows.Count <= 1)
{
e.Cancel = true;
}
}
Enable Disable Controls inside a GridView.
There are at times when you have to disable controls on some rows, when a certain condition is satisfied. In this snippet, we will see how to disable editing for rows that have the CategoryName as ‘Confections’. Use the following code:
protected void GridView1_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
{
if (e.Row.DataItem != null)
{
Label lblControl = (Label)e.Row.Cells[2].FindControl("lblCategoryName");
if(lblControl.Text == "Confections")
{
e.Row.Cells[0].Enabled = false;
}
}
}
}
How to Add a Row Number to the Gridview
There are a couple of ways to do this. However I will share a very handy tip that was shared by XIII in the asp.net forums. From the following link:
http://forums.asp.net/p/992655/1292440.aspx#1292440
Just add the following tags to your section of your GridView
How to programmatically hide a column in the GridView?
There are two conditions to be checked in the Page_Load to hide a columns in the GridView, let us say the 3rd column:
If ‘AutoGenerateColumns’ = True on the GridView
C#
GridView1.HeaderRow.Cells[2].Visible = false;
foreach (GridViewRow gvr in GridView1.Rows)
{
gvr.Cells[2].Visible = false;
}
VB.NET
GridView1.HeaderRow.Cells(2).Visible = False
For Each gvr As GridViewRow In GridView1.Rows
gvr.Cells(2).Visible = False
Next gvr
If ‘AutoGenerateColumns’ = False on the GridView
C#
GridView1.Columns[2].Visible = false;
VB.NET
GridView1.Columns(2).Visible = False
Displaying Empty Data in a GridView?
When there are no results returned from the GridView control’s data source, the short and simple way of displaying a message to the user, is to use the GridView’s EmptyDataText property.
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1" EmptyDataText="No data available"
ShowFooter="true" AllowPaging="True" AllowSorting="True"
PageSize="5" OnRowDataBound="GridView1_RowDataBound">
Note: You can also add style to the EmptyDataText by using the EmptyDataRowStyle property.
if you konw more about EmptyDataRowStyle the following link will be helpful to you:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.ui.webcontrols.gridview.emptydatarowstyle.aspx
Displaying an Image in case of Empty Data in a GridView?
As an alternative to using the EmptyDataText property, if you need to display an image or any HTML/ASP.NET control, you can use the EmptyDataTemplate. In this snippet below, we are using the image control in the to display an image.
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1" ShowFooter="true" AllowPaging="True" AllowSorting="True"PageSize="5" OnRowDataBound="GridView1_RowDataBound">
ImageUrl="~/images/NoDataFound.jpg"AlternateText="No data found"
runat="server"/>
Change the color of a GridView Row based on some condition.
protected void GridView1_RowCreated(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Row.DataItem != null)
{
DataRowView drv = (DataRowView)e.Row.DataItem;
string catName = Convert.ToString(drv["CategoryName"]);
if (catName.Trim() == "Confections")
e.Row.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.LightBlue;
}
}
How to create an Image Command Field Column and add to the GridView at runtime?
if (!Page.IsPostBack)
{
CommandField cmdField = new CommandField();
cmdField.ButtonType = ButtonType.Image;
cmdField.SelectImageUrl = "~/Images/Home_Np1.GIF";
cmdField.ShowSelectButton = true;
cmdField.HeaderText = "Select";
GridView1.Columns.Add(cmdField);
GridView1.DataBind();
}
How to loop through all the rows in all the pages of a GridView?
One simple way to loop through all the rows in all the pages of a GridView is to access its DataSource. In this example, we will loop through the SQLDataSource to retrieve all the rows in a GridView and access its cell value. You can modify the logic depending on the type of controls you have added to the GridView.
C#
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DataSourceSelectArguments dsaArgs = new DataSourceSelectArguments();
DataView view = (DataView)SqlDataSource1.Select(dsaArgs);
DataTable dt = view.ToTable();
for (int i = 0; i <>
{
for (int j = 0; j <>
{
string s = dt.Rows[i][j].ToString();
}
}
}
How to send an E-mail from ASP.NET on Windows XP OS?
How to send an E-mail from ASP.NET on Windows XP OS?
Now a days many web application has a requirement to send email. Using ASP.Net we can send emails, but when ever we are developing in WindowsXP environment, It doesnt allows us to send the email. It need some configuration so that we can send Email in WindowsXP with ASP.Net. Here are Steps for configuration.
Step 1: Open IIS, Stop the "Default SMTP Virtual Server" here is screen shot
Step 2: Open Properties of "Default SMTP Virtual Server" in that one, Select "Access" tab.
Step 3: click on "Relay" button. It will open a "Relay Restriction" window. In this window select a radio button with text as "Only the list below".
Step 4: Then click on "Add" button. which allow to enter an IP Address. In that enter local IP Address as 127.0.0.1. Then click "ok" button to close Access tab and propertie window. here is the screen shot:
Now a days many web application has a requirement to send email. Using ASP.Net we can send emails, but when ever we are developing in WindowsXP environment, It doesnt allows us to send the email. It need some configuration so that we can send Email in WindowsXP with ASP.Net. Here are Steps for configuration.
Step 1: Open IIS, Stop the "Default SMTP Virtual Server" here is screen shot
Step 2: Open Properties of "Default SMTP Virtual Server" in that one, Select "Access" tab.
Step 3: click on "Relay" button. It will open a "Relay Restriction" window. In this window select a radio button with text as "Only the list below".
Step 4: Then click on "Add" button. which allow to enter an IP Address. In that enter local IP Address as 127.0.0.1. Then click "ok" button to close Access tab and propertie window. here is the screen shot:
Step 5: Restart the "Default SMTP Mail Server".with this 5 steps we can configure IIS. Now when you send Email, it will be sent.
Tuesday, August 26, 2008
OVERVIEW OF ASP.NET
INTRODUCTION:
I have seen many tutorials on ASP.NET but most of them starts with coding and writing your first ASP.NET Program. But here I has written this tutorial for explaining why there is a need for ASP.NET when classy asp is working fine and what are the underlying technology behind ASP.NET, What programming model ASP.NET Provides to programmers . Now let us get started.....
ASP.NET is the new offering for Web developers from the Microsoft .It is not simply the next-generation of ASP; in fact, it is a completely re-engineered and enhanced technology that offers much, much more than traditional ASP and can increase productivity significantly.
Because it has evolved from ASP, ASP.NET looks very similar to its predecessor—but only at first sight. Some items look very familiar, and they remind us of ASP. But concepts like Web Forms, Web Services, or Server Controls gives ASP.NET the power to build real Web applications.
Looking Back : Active Server Pages (ASP)
Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) is a server-side scripting technology. ASP is a technology that Microsoft created to ease the development of interactive Web applications. With ASP you can use client-side scripts as well as server-side scripts. Maybe you want to validate user input or access a database. ASP provides solutions for transaction processing and managing session state. Asp is one of the most successful language used in web development.
Problems with Traditional ASP:
There are many problems with ASP if you think of needs for Today's powerful Web applications.
Interpreted and Loosely-Typed Code : ASP scripting code is usually written in languages such as JScript or VBScript. The script-execution engine that Active Server Pages relies on interprets code line by line, every time the page is called. In addition, although variables are supported, they are all loosely typed as variants and bound to particular types only when the code is run. Both these factors impede performance, and late binding of types makes it harder to catch errors when you are writing code.
Mixes layout (HTML) and logic (scripting code) : ASP files frequently combine script code with HTML. This results in ASP scripts that are lengthy, difficult to read, and switch frequently between code and HTML. The interspersion of HTML with ASP code is particularly problematic for larger web applications, where content must be kept separate from business logic.
Limited Development and Debugging Tools : Microsoft Visual InterDev, Macromedia Visual UltraDev, and other tools have attempted to increase the productivity of ASP programmers by providing graphical development environments. However, these tools never achieved the ease of use or the level of acceptance achieved by Microsoft Windows application development tools, such as Visual Basic or Microsoft Access. ASP developers still rely heavily or exclusively on Notepad.Debugging is an unavoidable part of any software development process, and the debugging tools for ASP have been minimal. Most ASP programmersresort to embedding temporary Response. Write statements in their code to trace the progress of its execution.
No real state management : Session state is only maintained if the client browser supports cookies. Session state information can only be held by using the ASP Session object. And you have to implement additional code if you, for example, want to identify a user. Update files only when server is downIf your Web application makes use of components, copying new files to your application should only be done when the Web server is stopped. Otherwise it is like pulling the rug from under your application's feet, because the components may be in use (and locked) and must be registered.
Obscure Configuration Settings :The configuration information for an ASP web application (such as session state and server timeouts) is stored in the IIS metabase. Because the metabase is stored in a proprietary format, it can only be modified on the server machine with utilities such as the Internet Service Manager. With limited support for programmatically manipulating or extracting these settings, it is often an arduous task to port an ASP application from one server to another.
Introducing ASP.NET
ASP.NET was developed in direct response to the problems that developers had with classic ASP. Since ASP is in such wide use, however, Microsoft ensured that ASP scripts execute without modification on a machine with the .NET Framework (the ASP engine, ASP.DLL, is not modified when installing the .NET Framework). Thus, IIS can house both ASP and ASP.NET scripts on the same machine.
Advantages of ASP.NET
Separation of Code from HTML : To make a clean sweep, with ASP.NET you have the ability to completely separate layout and business logic. This makes it much easier for teams of programmers and designers to collaborate efficiently. This makes it much easier for teams of programmers and designers to collaborate efficiently.
Support for compiled languages : Developer can use VB.NET and access features such as strong typing and object-oriented programming. Using compiled languages also means that ASP.NET pages do not suffer the performance penalties associated with interpreted code. ASP.NET pages are precompiled to byte-code and Just In Time (JIT) compiled when first requested. Subsequent requests are directed to the fully compiled code, which is cached until the source changes.
Use services provided by the .NET Framework : The .NET Framework provides class libraries that can be used by your application. Some of the key classes help you with input/output, access to operating system services, data access, or even debugging. We will go into more detail on some of them in this module.
Graphical Development Environment : Visual Studio .NET provides a very rich development environment for Webdevelopers. You can drag and drop controls and set properties the way you do in Visual Basic 6. And you have full IntelliSense support, not only for your code, but also for HTML and XML.
State management : To refer to the problems mentioned before, ASP.NET provides solutions for session and application state management. State information can, for example, be kept in memory or stored in a database. It can be shared across Web farms, and state information can be recovered, even if the server fails or the connection breaks down.
Update files while the server is running! : Components of your application can be updated while the server is online and clients are connected. The Framework will use the new files as soon as they are copied to the application. Removed or old files that are still in use are kept in memory until the clients have finished.
XML-Based Configuration Files : Configuration settings in ASP.NET are stored in XML files that you can easily read and edit. You can also easily copy these to another server, along with the other files that comprise your application.
ASP.NET Overview
Here are some point that gives the quick overview of ASP.NET.
ASP.NET provides services to allow the creation, deployment, and execution of Web Applications and Web Services. Like ASP, ASP.NET is a server-side technology Web Applications are built using Web Forms. ASP.NET comes with built-in Web Forms controls, which are responsible for generating the user interface. They mirror typical HTML widgets like text boxes or buttons. If these controls do not fit your needs, you are free to create your own user controls.
Web Forms are designed to make building web-based applications as easy as building Visual Basic applications.
ASP.NET Architecture
ASP.NET is based on the fundamental architecture of .NET Framework. Visual studio provide a uniform way to combine the various features of this Architecture. Architecture is explained form bottom to top in the following discussion. At the bottom of the Architecture is Common Language Runtime. NET Framework common language runtime resides on top of the operating system services. The common language runtime loads and executes code that targets the runtime. This code is therefore called managed code. The runtime gives you, for example, the ability for cross-language integration.
.NET Framework provides a rich set of class libraries. These include base classes, like networking and input/output classes, a data class library for data access, and classes for use by programming tools, such as debugging services. All of them are brought together by the Services Framework, which sits on top of the common language runtime.
ADO.NET is Microsoft’s ActiveX Data Object (ADO) model for the .NET Framework.
ADO.NET is not simply the migration of the popular ADO model to the managed environment but a completely new paradigm for data access and manipulation.ADO.NET is intended specifically for developing web applications.
This is evident from its two major design principles:
1) Disconnected Datasets—In ADO.NET, almost all data manipulation is done outside the context of an open database connection.
2) Effortless Data Exchange with XML—Datasets can converse in the universal data format of the Web, namely XML. The 4th layer of the framework consists of the Windows application model and, in parallel, the Web application model.The Web application model-in the slide presented as ASP.NET-includes Web Forms and Web Services.ASP.NET comes with built-in Web Forms controls, which are responsible for generating the user interface. They mirror typical HTML widgets like text boxes or buttons. If these controls do not fit your needs, you are free to create your own user controls.Web Services brings you a model to bind different applications over the Internet. This model is based on existing infrastructure and applications and is therefore standard-based, simple, and adaptable.Web Services are software solutions delivered via Internet to any device. Today, that means Web browsers on computers, for the most part, but the device-agnostic design of .NET will eliminate this limitation.
One of the obvious themes of .NET is unification and interoperability between various programming languages. In order to achieve this; certain rules must be laid and all the languages must follow these rules. In other words we can not have languages running around creating their own extensions and their own fancy new data types. CLS is the collection of the rules and constraints that every language (that seeks to achieve .NET compatibility) must follow.
The CLR and the .NET Frameworks in general, however, are designed in such a way that code written in one language can not only seamlessly be used by another language. Hence ASP.NET can be programmed in any of the .NET compatible language whether it is VB.NET, C#, Managed C++ or JScript.NET.
Quick Start :To ASP.NET
After this short excursion with some background information on the .NET Framework, we will now focus on ASP.NET.
File name extensions
Web applications written with ASP.NET will consist of many files with different file name extensions. The most common are listed here.Native ASP.NET files by default have the extension .aspx (which is, of course, an extension to .asp) or .ascx.Web Services normally have the extension .asmx.
Your file names containing the business logic will depend on the language you use. So, for example, a C# file would have the extension .aspx.cs.
You already learned about the configuration file Web.Config.
Another one worth mentioning is the ASP.NET application file Global.asax—in the ASP world formerly known as Global.asa. But now there is also a codebehind file Global.asax.vb, for example, if the file contains Visual Basic.NET code. Global.asax is an optional file that resides in the root directory of your application, and it contains global logic for your application.
All of them are text filesAll of these files are text files, and therefore human readable and writeable.The easiest way to startThe easiest way to start with ASP.NET is to take a simple ASP page and change the file name extension to .aspx.
Page Syntax : here is quick introduction of syntax used in ASP.NET
Directives
You can use directives to specify optional settings used by the page compiler when processing ASP.NET files. For each directive you can set different attributes. One example is the language directive at the beginning of a page defining the default programming language.
Code Declaration Blocks: Code declaration blocks are lines of code enclosed in
tags. They contain the runat=server attribute, which tells ASP.NET that these controls can be accessed on the server and on the client. Optionally you can specify the language for the block. The code block itself consists of the definition of member variables and methods.
tags. They contain the runat=server attribute, which tells ASP.NET that these controls can be accessed on the server and on the client. Optionally you can specify the language for the block. The code block itself consists of the definition of member variables and methods.
Code Render Blocks :
Render blocks contain inline code or inline expressions enclosed by the character sequences shown here. The language used inside those blocks could be specified through a directive like the one shown before.
Render blocks contain inline code or inline expressions enclosed by the character sequences shown here. The language used inside those blocks could be specified through a directive like the one shown before.
HTML Control Syntax
You can declare several standard HTML elements as HTML server controls. Use the element as you are familiar with in HTML and add the attribute runat=server. This causes the HTML element to be treated as a server control. It is now programmatically accessible by using a unique ID. HTML server controls must reside within a section that also has the attribute runat=server.
You can declare several standard HTML elements as HTML server controls. Use the element as you are familiar with in HTML and add the attribute runat=server. This causes the HTML element to be treated as a server control. It is now programmatically accessible by using a unique ID. HTML server controls must reside within a section that also has the attribute runat=server.
Custom Control Syntax
There are two different kinds of custom controls. On the one hand there are the controls that ship with .NET, and on the other hand you can create your own custom controls. Using custom server controls is the best way to encapsulate common programmatic functionality.
Just specify elements as you did with HTML elements, but add a tag prefix, which is an alias for the fully qualified namespace of the control. Again you must include the runat=server attribute. If you want to get programmatic access to the control, just add an Id attribute.
You can include properties for each server control to characterize its behavior. For example, you can set the maximum length of a TextBox. Those properties might have sub properties; you know this principle from HTML. Now you have the ability to specify, for example, the size and type of the font you use (font-size and font-type).
The last attribute is dedicated to event binding. This can be used to bind the control to a specific event. If you implement your own method MyClick(), this method will be executed when the corresponding button is clicked if you use the server control event binding shown in the slide.
There are two different kinds of custom controls. On the one hand there are the controls that ship with .NET, and on the other hand you can create your own custom controls. Using custom server controls is the best way to encapsulate common programmatic functionality.
Just specify elements as you did with HTML elements, but add a tag prefix, which is an alias for the fully qualified namespace of the control. Again you must include the runat=server attribute. If you want to get programmatic access to the control, just add an Id attribute.
You can include properties for each server control to characterize its behavior. For example, you can set the maximum length of a TextBox. Those properties might have sub properties; you know this principle from HTML. Now you have the ability to specify, for example, the size and type of the font you use (font-size and font-type).
The last attribute is dedicated to event binding. This can be used to bind the control to a specific event. If you implement your own method MyClick(), this method will be executed when the corresponding button is clicked if you use the server control event binding shown in the slide.
Data Binding Expression
You can create bindings between server controls and data sources. The data binding expression is enclosed by the character sequences . The data-binding model provided by ASP.NET is hierarchical. That means you can create bindings between server control properties and superior data sources.
You can create bindings between server controls and data sources. The data binding expression is enclosed by the character sequences . The data-binding model provided by ASP.NET is hierarchical. That means you can create bindings between server control properties and superior data sources.
Server-side Object Tags
If you need to create an instance of an object on the server, use server-side object tags. When the page is compiled, an instance of the specified object is created. To specify the object use the identifier attribute. You can declare (and instantiate) .NET objects using class as the identifier, and COM objects using either progidor classid.
If you need to create an instance of an object on the server, use server-side object tags. When the page is compiled, an instance of the specified object is created. To specify the object use the identifier attribute. You can declare (and instantiate) .NET objects using class as the identifier, and COM objects using either progidor classid.
Server-side Include Directives
With server-side include directives you can include raw contents of a file anywhere in your ASP.NET file. Specify the type of the path to filename with the pathtype attribute. Use either File, when specifying a relative path, or Virtual, when using a full virtual path.
With server-side include directives you can include raw contents of a file anywhere in your ASP.NET file. Specify the type of the path to filename with the pathtype attribute. Use either File, when specifying a relative path, or Virtual, when using a full virtual path.
Server-side Comments
To prevent server code from executing, use these character sequences to comment it out. You can comment out full blocks—not just single lines.
First ASP.NET Program.
Now let us have our First ASP.NET program.
Let’s look at both the markup and the C# portions of a simple web forms application that generates a movie line-up dynamically through software. Markup Portion :Web form application part 1 -- SimpleWebForm.aspx
Supermegacineplexadrome! Welcome to Supermegacineplexadrome! Showtimes for
And this is where the C# part of a web forms application comes in.
Web form application part 2 -- SimpleWebForm.cs
using System;using System.Web.UI;using System.Web.UI.WebControls;public class MoviePage:Page{ protected void WriteDate(){ this.Response.Write(DateTime.Now.ToString()); } protected void WriteMovies(){ this.Response.Write( "The Glass Ghost (R) 1:05 pm, 3:25 pm, 7:00 pm"); this.Response.Write( "Untamed Harmony (PG-13) 12:50 pm, 3:25 pm, 6:55 pm"); this.Response.Write( "Forever Nowhere (PG) 3:30 pm, 8:35 pm"); this.Response.Write( "Without Justice (R) 12:45 pm, 6:45 pm"); }}
Execution Cycle :
Now let's see what’s happening on the server side. You will shortly understand how server controls fit in.
A request for an .aspx file causes the ASP.NET runtime to parse the file for code that can be compiled. It then generates a page class that instantiates and populates a tree of server control instances. This page class represents the ASP.NET page.
Now an execution sequence is started in which, for example, the ASP.NET page walks its entire list of controls, asking each one to render itself.
The controls paint themselves to the page. This means they make themselves visible by generating HTML output to the browser client.
To prevent server code from executing, use these character sequences to comment it out. You can comment out full blocks—not just single lines.
First ASP.NET Program.
Now let us have our First ASP.NET program.
Let’s look at both the markup and the C# portions of a simple web forms application that generates a movie line-up dynamically through software. Markup Portion :Web form application part 1 -- SimpleWebForm.aspx
Supermegacineplexadrome! Welcome to Supermegacineplexadrome! Showtimes for
And this is where the C# part of a web forms application comes in.
Web form application part 2 -- SimpleWebForm.cs
using System;using System.Web.UI;using System.Web.UI.WebControls;public class MoviePage:Page{ protected void WriteDate(){ this.Response.Write(DateTime.Now.ToString()); } protected void WriteMovies(){ this.Response.Write( "The Glass Ghost (R) 1:05 pm, 3:25 pm, 7:00 pm"); this.Response.Write( "Untamed Harmony (PG-13) 12:50 pm, 3:25 pm, 6:55 pm"); this.Response.Write( "Forever Nowhere (PG) 3:30 pm, 8:35 pm"); this.Response.Write( "Without Justice (R) 12:45 pm, 6:45 pm"); }}
Execution Cycle :
Now let's see what’s happening on the server side. You will shortly understand how server controls fit in.
A request for an .aspx file causes the ASP.NET runtime to parse the file for code that can be compiled. It then generates a page class that instantiates and populates a tree of server control instances. This page class represents the ASP.NET page.
Now an execution sequence is started in which, for example, the ASP.NET page walks its entire list of controls, asking each one to render itself.
The controls paint themselves to the page. This means they make themselves visible by generating HTML output to the browser client.
Execution Process
We need to have a look at what’s happening to your code in ASP.NET.
Compilation, when page is requested the first time
The first time a page is requested, the code is compiled. Compiling code in .NET means that a compiler in a first step emits Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) and produces metadata—if you compile your source code to managed code. In a following step MSIL has to be converted to native code.
We need to have a look at what’s happening to your code in ASP.NET.
Compilation, when page is requested the first time
The first time a page is requested, the code is compiled. Compiling code in .NET means that a compiler in a first step emits Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) and produces metadata—if you compile your source code to managed code. In a following step MSIL has to be converted to native code.
Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL)
Microsoft intermediate language is code in an assembly language–like style. It is CPU independent and therefore can be efficiently converted to native code.
The conversion in turn can be CPU-specific and optimized. The intermediate language provides a hardware abstraction layer.
MSIL is executed by the common language runtime.
Microsoft intermediate language is code in an assembly language–like style. It is CPU independent and therefore can be efficiently converted to native code.
The conversion in turn can be CPU-specific and optimized. The intermediate language provides a hardware abstraction layer.
MSIL is executed by the common language runtime.
Common language runtime
The common language runtime contains just-in-time (JIT) compilers to convert the MSIL into native code. This is done on the same computer architecture that the code should run on.
The runtime manages the code when it is compiled into MSIL—the code is therefore called managed code.
The common language runtime contains just-in-time (JIT) compilers to convert the MSIL into native code. This is done on the same computer architecture that the code should run on.
The runtime manages the code when it is compiled into MSIL—the code is therefore called managed code.
ASP.NET Applications and Configuration Overview
Like ASP, ASP.NET encapsulates its entities within a web application. A web application is an abstract term for all the resources available within the confines of an IIS virtual directory. For example, a web application may consist of one or more ASP.NET pages, assemblies, web services configuration files, graphics, and more. In this section we explore two fundamental components of a web application, namely global application files (Global.asax) and configuration files (Web.config).
Global.asax
Global.asax is a file used to declare application-level events and objects. Global.asax is the ASP.NET extension of the ASP Global.asa file. Code to handle application events (such as the start and end of an application) reside in Global.asax. Such event code cannot reside in the ASP.NET page or web service code itself, since during the start or end of the application, its code has not yet been loaded (or unloaded). Global.asax is also used to declare data that is available across different application requests or across different browser sessions. This process is known as application and session state management.
The Global.asax file must reside in the IIS virtual root. Remember that a virtual root can be thought of as the container of a web application. Events and state specified in the global file are then applied to all resources housed within the web application. If, for example, Global.asax defines a state application variable, all .aspx files within the virtual root will be able to access the variable.
Global.asax is a file used to declare application-level events and objects. Global.asax is the ASP.NET extension of the ASP Global.asa file. Code to handle application events (such as the start and end of an application) reside in Global.asax. Such event code cannot reside in the ASP.NET page or web service code itself, since during the start or end of the application, its code has not yet been loaded (or unloaded). Global.asax is also used to declare data that is available across different application requests or across different browser sessions. This process is known as application and session state management.
The Global.asax file must reside in the IIS virtual root. Remember that a virtual root can be thought of as the container of a web application. Events and state specified in the global file are then applied to all resources housed within the web application. If, for example, Global.asax defines a state application variable, all .aspx files within the virtual root will be able to access the variable.
Like an ASP.NET page, the Global.asax file is compiled upon the arrival of the first request for any resource in the application. The similarity continues when changes are made to the Global.asax file; ASP.NET automatically notices the changes, recompiles the file, and directs all new requests to the newest compilation. A Global.asax file is automatically created when you create a new web application project in the VS.NET IDE.
Application Directives
Application directives are placed at the top of the Global.asax file and provide information used to compile the global file. Three application directives are defined, namely Application, Assembly, and Import. Each directive is applied with the following syntax:
Web.config :
In ASP, configuration settings for an application (such as session state) are stored in the IIS metabase. There are two major disadvantages with this scheme. First, settings are not stored in a human-readable manner but in a proprietary, binary format. Second, the settings are not easily ported from one host machine to another.(It is difficult to transfer information from an IIS’s metabase or Windows Registry to another machine, even if it has the same version of Windows.)
Web.config solves both of the aforementioned issues by storing configuration information as XML. Unlike Registry or metabase entries, XML documents are human-readable and can be modified with any text editor. Second, XML files are far more portable, involving a simple file transfer to switch machines.
Unlike Global.asax, Web.config can reside in any directory, which may or may not be a virtual root. The Web.config settings are then applied to all resources accessed within that directory, as well as its subdirectories. One consequence is that an IIS instance may have many web.config files. Attributes are applied in a hierarchical fashion. In other words, the web.config file at the lowest level directory is used.
Since Web.config is based on XML, it is extensible and flexible for a wide variety of applications. It is important, however, to note that the Web.config file is optional. A default Web.config file, used by all ASP.NET application resources, can be found on the local machine at:\%winroot%\Microsoft.Net\Framework\version\CONFIG\machine.config
Summary :
ASP.NET is an evolution of Microsoft’s Active Server Page (ASP) technology. Using ASP.NET, you can rapidly develop highly advanced web applications based on the .NET framework. Visual Studio Web Form Designer, which allows the design of web applications in an intuitive, graphical method similar to Visual Basic 6. ASP.NET ships with web controls wrapping each of the standard HTML controls, in addition to several controls specific to .NET. One such example is validation controls, which intuitively validate user input without the need for extensive client-side script.
In many respects, ASP.NET provides major improvements over ASP, and can definitely be considered a viable alternative for rapidly developing web-based applications.
Application directives are placed at the top of the Global.asax file and provide information used to compile the global file. Three application directives are defined, namely Application, Assembly, and Import. Each directive is applied with the following syntax:
Web.config :
In ASP, configuration settings for an application (such as session state) are stored in the IIS metabase. There are two major disadvantages with this scheme. First, settings are not stored in a human-readable manner but in a proprietary, binary format. Second, the settings are not easily ported from one host machine to another.(It is difficult to transfer information from an IIS’s metabase or Windows Registry to another machine, even if it has the same version of Windows.)
Web.config solves both of the aforementioned issues by storing configuration information as XML. Unlike Registry or metabase entries, XML documents are human-readable and can be modified with any text editor. Second, XML files are far more portable, involving a simple file transfer to switch machines.
Unlike Global.asax, Web.config can reside in any directory, which may or may not be a virtual root. The Web.config settings are then applied to all resources accessed within that directory, as well as its subdirectories. One consequence is that an IIS instance may have many web.config files. Attributes are applied in a hierarchical fashion. In other words, the web.config file at the lowest level directory is used.
Since Web.config is based on XML, it is extensible and flexible for a wide variety of applications. It is important, however, to note that the Web.config file is optional. A default Web.config file, used by all ASP.NET application resources, can be found on the local machine at:\%winroot%\Microsoft.Net\Framework\version\CONFIG\machine.config
Summary :
ASP.NET is an evolution of Microsoft’s Active Server Page (ASP) technology. Using ASP.NET, you can rapidly develop highly advanced web applications based on the .NET framework. Visual Studio Web Form Designer, which allows the design of web applications in an intuitive, graphical method similar to Visual Basic 6. ASP.NET ships with web controls wrapping each of the standard HTML controls, in addition to several controls specific to .NET. One such example is validation controls, which intuitively validate user input without the need for extensive client-side script.
In many respects, ASP.NET provides major improvements over ASP, and can definitely be considered a viable alternative for rapidly developing web-based applications.
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